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Search LAWA’s learn section for factsheets and glossary entries

Featured factsheets

Why air quality matters

010-tahunanui-beach-0312

Beach and freshwater recreational monitoring

Arthur St school in Dunedin

Tips on improving air quality

Monitoringsite

How is air quality measured?

Micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3)

A measure of concentration. A microgram is one-millionth of a gram.

Shower Timer, Conserve Water

Tips on conserving water

View more factsheets

Glossary

A

Aeolian (dune) lake

Aerobic

Aesthetic/amenity value

Air Quality Site Status

Algae

Algal bloom

Allocation

Ammonia

Ammoniacal nitrogen

Ammonium

Amount available to consent

Annual percentage

Annual PM10

Annual PM2.5

Anoxic

Aquatic

Aquifer

Arsenic

ASPM

Attribute band

Australian-New Zealand Guidelines (ANZG)

B

Bacteria

BAM

BAM-Nephelometer

Banded Kokopu

Benthic

Benthic Health Model

Benzene

Bioaccumulate

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)

Biodiversity

Biogenic (habitat)

Biomass

Black carbon

Black Disc

Blue-green algae

Box and Whisker Plots

Brackish

Brackish lake

Braided river

Breach

Broad land cover class

Built features

C

Cadmium (Cd)

Carbon monoxide

Catchment

Catchment Size

Chloride

Chlorophyll a

Chromium (Cr)

Citizen science

Clarity

Clarity tube

Climate change

Closed canopy

Comparing consented and used water

Concentration

Condensation

Conductivity

Confluence

Consented and measured volume

Consented as a percentage of available

Consented volume

consumptive

Contact recreation

Contaminants

Contamination

Copper (Cu)

Cross-section

Cumec

Current water level

Cyanobacteria

D

Daily PM10

Daily PM2.5

Dam

Deposited sediment

Detailed land cover class

Detection limit

Detritus

Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata)

Diffuse source discharge

Discharge

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)

Dissolved oxygen (DO)

Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP)

Distribution

DSDEs

E

1 in 10 year Exceedence

1 in 25 year Exceedence

1 in 5 year Exceedence

1 in 50 year Exceedence

E-BAM

E. coli

Ecology

Ecosystem

Ecosystem function

Ecosystem resilience

Ecosystem services

Ecotoxicity

Effects Range Low (ERL)

Effluent

Electrical conductivity

Emission

Endemic

Enterococci

Environmental indicator

Environmental reporting

Environmental Response Criteria (ERC)

Environmental values

Epilimnion

EPT

Erosion

Erosion control

Erosion susceptibility

Escherichia coli

Estuary

Estuary habitat diversity

Estuary macrofauna

Estuary macrofauna score

Eutrophic

Eutrophication

Evaporation

Evapotranspiration

Exceedance

Exotic

Exotic land cover

F

Faecal Indicators

Faecal matter

Fidas

Filamentous algae

Flood

Floodplain

Flow

Flow adjustment

Flow regime

Food web

Fossil fuel

Freshwater

Freshwater objectives

G

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Geomorphic lake type

Geothermal lake

Giant Kokopu

Glacial lake

Groundwater

Guideline

H

Habitat

Hapū

Healthy estuaries

Heavy metal(s)

High volume sampler

Highest flow ever recorded

Home heating sources of air pollution

Human pressure

Hydrocarbons

Hydrology

Hydrosystem

Hypolimnion

Hyporheic zone

I

ICOLL

Inanga

Indeterminate trend

Indicators

Indigenous land-cover

Indigenous species

Indoor sources of air pollution

Industrial sources of air pollution

Inorganic matter

Internal loading

Intertidal

Introduced species

Invasive Impact Index

Invasive species

Invertebrate

Irrigation

Iwi

K

Kaitiaki

Kaitiakitanga

Kaumātua

Koaro

L

Lake Level

Lake Size

Lake Submerged Plant Indicators

LakeSPI

Land cover

Land cover classes

Land Cover Database (LCDB)

Land use

Landscapes

Landslide lake

Leaching

Lead (Pb)

Limit

Liquid waste

Live flow

Load

Longfin Eel

Lowest flow ever recorded

M

1-Day MALF

7-day MALF

Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI)

Macroinvertebrates

Macrophytes

Mahinga kai

main stem

Mana

Mātauranga Māori

Mauri

Maximum Depth

Mean annual low flow (MALF)

Median

Median annual flow

Medium land cover class

Mercury (Hg)

Mesotrophic

Micrograms per cubic metre (µg/m3)

Microtrophic

Milligrams per cubic metre (mg/m3)

Mixing pattern

Model/modelling

Monitoring

Monitoring network

Monitoring site

Monthly median (rainfall)

Mud content

N

National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (2002)

National bottom line

National Environmental Monitoring Standards

National Environmental Standards

National Environmental Standards for Air Quality (NES-AQ)

National Objectives Framework (NOF)

National Policy Statement (NPS)

National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FM 2020)

National River Water Quality Network (NRWQN)

Native

Native Condition Index

Natural features

Natural sources of air pollution

Nickel (Ni)

Nitrate nitrogen (nitrate)

Nitrified

Nitrite nitrogen

Nitrogen

Nitrogen dioxide

Non-point source discharge

NTU

Nuisance weed

Nutrient

Nutrient run-off

O

Objective

OECD

Oligotrophic

Optical sampler

Organic contaminants

Organic matter

Organic pollution

Outdoor burning sources of air pollution

Oxygen

Ozone

P

Parameter

Particulate matter

Partisol

Passive sampling

Pathogen

Peat lake

Percentage of mean level (bore)

Percentage of median (rainfall)

Percentage of time exceeded

Percentile

Periphyton

Pesticides

pH

Phosphorus

Photosynthesis

Phycocyanin

Phytoplankton

Plankton

PM

PM10

PM10 exceedances (last year)

PM10 exceedances (year to date)

PM2.5

PM2.5 exceedances (last year)

PM2.5 exceedances (year to date)

Point-source discharge

Pollutant

Pollution

Polymictic

Population

Pressure

Primary Production

Probable Effects Level (PEL)

Q

QMCI

Quartile

R

Rain in previous month

Rainfall annual total

Rainfall last 12 months

Rainfall last 24 hours

Rainfall last 7 days

Rainfall last month

Rainfall this month

Reach

Recreational water quality

Regional councils

Relative breakdown

Relative Volume

Remote sensing

Residence time

Resilience

Resource consent

Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)

Respiration

Riparian

Riparian planting

River Environment Classification (REC)

Riverine lake

Run off to sea

Run-off

S

Screening method

Secchi disc

Sediment

Sedimentation

Semi-quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index (SQMCI)

Shoreline lake

Shortfin Eel

SIDEs

Silver (Ag)

Spawning

SSRTREs

Standard method

State

State and Trend

State of the Environment (SOE) monitoring

State of the Environment (SOE) reporting

Stock exclusion

Stormwater

Stratified (stratify)

Stream order

Stressor

Sulphur dioxide

Summer Season Monitoring

Supertrophic

Surface water

Suspended fine sediment

Suspended sediment

T

T640x

Tangata whenua

Taonga

Taxa Richness

Taxon

Te Mana o te Wai

Te Uru Kahika - Regional and Unitary Councils Aotearoa

Tectonic lake

Telemetry

Temperature inversion

TEOM

TEOM-FDMS

Territorial authority

Thermocline (or metalimnion)

Threats to estuaries

Threshold Effects Level (TEL)

Total DDT

Total Nitrogen (TN)

Total Oxidised Nitrogen (TON)

Total PAH

Total Phosphorus (TP)

Toxic

Toxic algae

Traffic sources of air pollution

Trend

Tributaries

Trophic Level Index

Tūpuna

Turbidity

U

Understory vegetation

Unhealthy estuaries

Unitary authorities

V

Variable

Visual Clarity

Volatile organic compound

Volcanic lake

Volume Consented Used

W

Wadeable

Wāhi tapu

Wastewater

Water body

Water clarity

Water column

Water Management Zone

Water quality

Water resources

Water take(s)

Water temperature

Waterway length

Weather conditions

Weed

Wetland

Wetland area (Nationally Important Wetlands)

Wetland protection

Wetlands

Whānau

Winter day percentage

Woody vegetation

World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines

Z

Zinc (Zn)

Zooplankton